Objective (s): To investigate whether the use of FETAL MONITORING had an effect on cesarean section RATE at Mahdieh hospital.Methods: This retrospective, analytical cross sectional study involved patients' data from deliveries occurring at Mahdieh teaching hospital, Tehran, in 1385 and 1387. During 1387 FETAL MONITORING was available and use for all mothers in the labor, whereas during 1385 it was unavailable. Data on cause of cesarean were collected in 1385 and 1387.Results: 4346 deliveries used FETAL MONITORING and 4656 deliveries did not. 2133 Cesarean occurred in 1387 and 1739 cesarean occurred in 1385. Causes of cesarean were: Labor Dystocia, Meconium, FETAL Distress, CPD, Placenta Previa, Placenta Abruptio, Cord prolase, Preeclampsia, Multiple Pregnancy, Malpresentation, Abnormal Fetus, and Previous Cesarean. There was Statistical significance difference in Meconium (13.4 %, v/s 17.1%, P<0.05), FETAL Distress (11.78% v/s 13.92%, P<0.05), Abruptio placenta (2.1% v/s 6.14% P<0.05), Labor Dystocia (11.09% v/s 9.1%, P<0.05) and Malpresentation (13.6% v/s 10%, P<0.05). There was no significance difference in Previous Cesarean, Multiple pregnancies, CPD, Preeclampsia, Placenta Previa, and Cord Prolapse.Conclusion: The Study shows 12% rising on cesarean RATE from 1385 till 1387.Statistical difference was demonstRATEd in the RATE of FETAL distress that Cause cesarean section. Use of FETAL MONITORING detected any FETAL distress in labor and cesarean performed for avoiding cerebral palsy and Low APGAR infant. There is no evidence that use of FETAL MONITORING improved newborn outcome.

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare ELECTRONIC FETAL HEART RATE MONITORING ((EFM)) characteristics between Appropriate for Gestational Age (AGA ) and Small for Gestational Age (SGA) fetuses and to determine whether SGA fetuses have specific abnormalities.Materials and Methods: Among children born from Apr 2002 to Mar 2003 in Arash hospital, we identified 300 singleton infants born after 36 weeks gestation of uncomplicated pregnancies in whom second-trimester (24-27 weeks gestation) (EFM) records were obtained. Individual components of FETAL HEART RATE (FHR) pattern; baseline RATE, baseline FHR variability, presence of acceleration and periodic and episodic deceleration, and birth characteristics were compared between AGA and SGA infants or between pregnancies with or without second-trimester decelerations. Statistical analysis was performed using Student t, Chi square and Fisher exact test.Results: Among 300 infants, 261 (87%) were AGA and 39 (13%) were SGA; 65 had and 235 did not have second-trimester decelerations. Baseline FHR variability, second- trimester decelerations and intrapartum FHR decelerations were significantly higher in SGA fetuses than in AGA fetuses (P<0.05). Birth weight and gestational age were significantly lower in SGA fetuses than in AGA fetuses (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in baseline RATE and acceleration ,maternal age and parity, Apgar score in 1 minute, meconium staining, mode of delivery, NICD admission, between SGA and AGA infants. Small for Gestational Age infants were more frequent in pregnancies with second-trimester decelerations compared with those without second-trimester deceleration (P<0.05). Baseline FHR variability in pregnancies with second-trimester decelerations was significantly higher than in pregnancies without second-trimester deceleration (P<0.05).Conclusion: Periodic or episodic decelerations and increased FHR variability during late second-trimester (EFM) were associated with an increased risk of SGA infant.

Various methods are used in order to describe the HEART RATE patterns of the fetus. The use of ELECTRONIC MONITORING during labor is widely accepted today. The aim of this study was to compare the neonatal outcomes of continuous FETAL HEART RATE (FHR) MONITORING to intermittent auscultation among low-risk pregnant women during labor. This randomized clinical trial was conducted among 900 low-risk pregnant women who met inclusion criteria and were admitted to maternity wards of academic hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences for labor. They were randomly divided into two groups: the intermittent auscultation group and the Continuous FHR MONITORING group. The pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were compared in two groups; data were processed in SPSS16 software. P less than 0. 05 was considered as significant level. In this study, the first and fifth minutes Apgar scores, the RATE of NICU admission, advance resuscitation requirement, neonatal seizure incidence, and the neonatal or FETAL death did not differ significantly between two groups (P>0. 05). In the Continues MONITORING group, the RATE of cesarean section due to FETAL distress and operative vaginal delivery was significantly higher rather than the other group (P=0. 001). The results of this study showed that continuous FHR MONITORING in low-risk pregnancies during labor increases the risk of cesarean and instrumental delivery without improving neonatal outcomes.

Introduction: The HEART RATE of adults is different in different sexes. Males have a lower basal HEART RATE than females. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of FETAL gender on FETAL basal HEART RATE. Material and methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in Rajaii hospital-Tonekabon-Iran on 132 term pregnancies in 2019 with convenient sampling. Inclusion criteria were gestational age 37 weeks to 41 weeks, singleton pregnancy. Exclusion criteria were comprised of gestational age less than 37 or more than 41, FETAL growth restriction, congenital malformations, use of psychoactive drugs, rupture of the amniotic sac, vaginal bleeding, onset Labor, drinking alcohol or smoking, unwillingness to participate in the study, suffering from underlying diseases (diabetes, blood pressure, thyroid and cancer) and multiple pregnancies. The data included FETAL baseline HEART RATE, FETAL sex, and maternal age. After collecting the data and entering in the checklist, the statistical information was confirmed and analyzed by SPSS software version 25. Results: Of the 132 fetuses evaluated in this study, in the male fetuses, 50 fetuses had a HEART RATE of 110 to 135 and 16 fetuses had a HEART RATE of 136 to 160. In the female sex, 22 fetuses had a HEART RATE of 110 to 135 and 44 fetuses had a HEART RATE of 136 to 160. Based on the statistical evaluations, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0. 001), so that in the male gender, the base line HEART RATE was lower. Conclusion: Based on the results observed in this evaluation, gender had a statistically significant correlation with the baseline HEART RATE of the fetus, being less in the male gender. However, more studies are needed in this field to confirm these results.